Face recognition

Face acknowledgment Face acknowledgment are forms associated with acknowledgment of countenances. Clarifications of face acknowledgment incorporate component examination versus all encompassing structures. Recalling and perceiving faces are a significant ability one applies every day of their lives. It is imperative to the social collaborations, to work and school exercises, and in people groups individual family lives. Albeit a large portion of the exploration around there has been attempted on faces it is in certainty uncommon, all things considered, that we have to recognize somebody from their face alone. Data from a people garments, voice, peculiarities and so forth, and the setting where we experience them all assistance in the distinguishing proof procedure Sometimes we neglect to remember somebody since they are not wearing the garments we ordinarily observe them in or on the grounds that they are in a sudden setting. Comprehensive structure hypothesis is a flighty to highlight examination way to deal with face acknowledgment. Despite the fact that highlights are significant in portraying faces and accordingly have some task to carry out in face acknowledgment, reliance just on base up preparing for such a mind boggling action is improbable. Bruce and Young (1986) proposed a top down way to deal with face acknowledgment in which they contended that perceiving a face is a profoundly perplexing procedure including put away information on semantic and passionate data and is in this way significantly more than including the whole of a faces highlights. As indicated by the Holistic methodology a face is perceived all in all, breaking down the different highlights as well as the design of the face, the connection between the individual highlights, emotions stirred by the face and semantic data about the face. Such a methodology is some of the time alluded to as a layout model (Ellis 1975) whereby we hav e a put away format or example for every individual as we probably am aware and when given a face attempt to coordinate this boost to our psychological layout. A few investigations show how acknowledgment relies upon the design or setup of the face all in all. Youthful and Hay (1986) exhibited the significance of configurable handling of appearances. They cut pictures of celebrated faces on a level plane and guaranteed the members could perceive the two separate parts. At that point they joined two separate parts together and estimated time taken to and exactness of, naming the top and base parts of the composite figures. This demonstrated hard for members as the composite appeared to create another comprehensive face in which it was hard to see the different parts. An especially interesting find was that if the composite appearances were transformed members could name the to half obviously superior to when the countenances were the right far up, in spite of the way that modified appearances are ordinarily a lot harder to perceive. Comparative exploration includes upsetting the design of the appearances in different manners, either by scrambling the facial highlights or by reversing the face. Haig (1984) indicated how acknowledgment times expanded for countenances of renowned individuals where the separating between highlights or the arrangement of highlights had been modified. Yin (1969) found that transformed appearances are a lot harder to perceive. Despite the fact that blunders are discovered when endeavoring to perceive any article that has been modified, faces appear to deliver specific troubles. Cohen (1989) proposes this shows faces are ordinarily perceived comprehensively, and reversal annihilates the worldwide example connections between highlights. Along these lines, such discoveries could be deciphered as proof for the all encompassing way to deal with face recognition.Mohammad An agreement has built up that the procedure hidden face distinguishing proof (which means the procedure by which an individual perceives a visual improvement as being Aunt Bertha, my mail bearer, or Arnold Schwarzenegger) and the procedure fundamental most types of essential level article acknowledgment (Which means the procedure by which an individual perceives a visual boost similar to a table, a pontoon, or a human face) are unique. Various lines of proof indicating separations between face distinguishing proof and fundamental level article acknowledgment bolster this end. For instance, faces are more hard to recognize in photographic negatives than are essential level articles (Bruce Langton, 1994; Galper, 1970; Galper Hochberg, 1971; Phillips, 1972), and faces show more noteworthy acknowledgment costs when flipped around than do fundamental level articles (Carey Diamond, 1977;Scapinello Yarmey, 1970; Yin, 1969; see Valentine, 1988, for an audit). Extra proof that face ID and essential level item acknowledgment are practiced by various procedures originates from work in neuroscience. Sergent, Ohta, what's more, MacDonald (1992), utilizing positron outflow tomography (PET), discovered locales of the correct side of the equator that become dynamic during face ID that are not dynamic during fundamental level item acknowledgment. Further, a righthemisphere advantage for recognizing faces is very much recorded (for surveys, see Davidoff, 1982; H. D. Ellis, 1983), while the proof for hemispheric specialization during essential level article acknowledgment is far less clear, with certain examinations finding a left-side of the equator advantage (Bryden Rainey, 1963; McKeever Jackson, 1979; Wyke Ettlinger, 1961; Young, Bion, Ellis, 1980), others finding aright-side of the equator advantage (Schmuller Goodman, 1980), and still others finding no bit of leeway for one side of the equator over the other (Biederman Cooper, 1991; Kimura Durnford, 1974; Levine Banich, 1982). Maybe the most influential proof that essential level item acknowledgment and face distinguishing proof are cultivated by various procedures originates from investigations of mind harmed patients demonstrating a neurological twofold separation between the two procedures. Farah (1994) discovered 27 cases in the writing in which patient demonstrated impeded face recognizable proof yet flawless basiclevel object acknowledgment and 16 cases in which a patient indicated weakened essential level article acknowledgment yet unblemished face distinguishing proof, contending emphatically that distinctive neural take away underline with two assignments Given that face ID and fundamental level item acknowledgment happen through various procedures, the following intelligent inquiry to consider is the way the memory portrayals utilized for the two procedures may contrast. The most regular hypothesis in the current writing is that faces utilize designed or all encompassing portrayals, while essential level articles use featural portrayals. Shockingly, this technique for portraying the distinctions in the portrayals is somewhat dubious, and as OToole, Abdi, Deffenbacher, also, Valentin (1995) and Bruce and Humphreys (1994) called attention to, it has various implications for various analysts. At the point when specialists state that face ID employments Further help for a comprehensive model of face acknowledgment originates from considers researching the prevalence of acknowledgment over review. Individuals have been seen as reliably better at perceiving faces seen before than they are at reviewing them. An investigation by Ellis et al (1975) delineates the troubles associated with reviewing faces. Members were indicated six photos of male appearances for ten seconds and afterward asked them promptly to review the face with the goal that it could be reproduced utilizing photograph fit materials. At the point when judges endeavored to select the objective face from the photograph fit recreations just a normal of 12.5% recognizable pieces of proof were right showing that the reproduced faces didn't intently take after the first upgrade face. It appears that so as to depict a face we have to change over our put away mental portrayals of that face into words. The way this is by all accounts so troublesome thus inadequate as delineated in this investigation would show that we do store faces as wholes as opposed to as sets of independent highlights. As indicated by Bruce and Youngs Holistic model of face acknowledgment there are various sorts of data that can be gotten from faces, some of which are utilized for natural countenances and others for new faces. When initially we see a face it is encoded basically, implying that we encode the visual data, preparing the vibe of the face. In the event that this matches a current face acknowledgment unit (FRU) at that point this will be enacted. The FRU contains physical data as well as semantic information. Actuation of the FRU triggers initiation of the individual personality hub which empowers access to an abundance of data about the individual including their occupation, interests, where we typically experience them, regardless of whether we are alright with them or not, whether we share companions for all intents and purpose or not. The last stage in the acknowledgment procedure takes into account name age. As indicated by Bruce and Young names are put away independently to the FRU and individual character hubs yet must be gotten to through the personality hubs. This would clarify the baffling and humiliating experience of knowing heaps of insights concerning an individual we meet however not having the option to think about their name. Youthful, Hay and Ellis tried the Holistic model in 1985. They requested that members keep a journal and record issues experienced in face acknowledgment consistently. Out of 1008 episodes there were no reports of naming a person without knowing other data about them. Be that as it may, in 190 cases the inverse happened, members announced knowing data about people yet couldn't name them. These discoveries are reliable with the grouping of occasions proposed by the all encompassing model where by names must be gotten to if semantic data been gotten to first. Further examination of the journal information indicated that of the 1008 episodes there were 233 reports of encountering recognition with no close to home data being accessible. Again this backings the successive idea of the model as these future situations where a FRU has been activated causing the sentiment of commonality, however the personality Node has neglected to actuate, subsequently the absence of accessibility of any ad ditional data about the individual. Comprehensive structure t

Wilson vs conservative and Liberals free essay sample

It was the quality of the restriction powers, both liberal and preservationist, as opposed to the incompetence and determination of President Wilson that prompted the Senate destruction of the Treaty of Versailles. Utilizing the archives and your insight into the period 1917-1921, survey the legitimacy of this announcement. The announcement It was the quality of the restriction powers, both liberal and moderate, as opposed to the idiocy and tenacity of President Wilson that prompted the Senate destruction of the Treaty of Versailles. Is just to some degree legitimate. While the quality of the restriction powers had a huge influence in the annihilation of the Treaty of Versailles, however the way that Wilson was the pioneer of one side of the resistance and he advised his side not to bargain could fill in as confirmation that his determination was what cause the thrashing for the arrangement. It was Wilsons determination that prompted the development of such solid resistance powers, which at last prompted the thrashing of the arrangement of Versailles. We will compose a custom exposition test on Wilson versus moderate and Liberals or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page So as to comprehend the circumstance that prompted the destruction of the settlement, it is important to distinguish what the staying point was. For this situation it was Article X of the Treaty which would submit US troops to inclusion in outside undertakings if another individual from the class was compromised. While President Wilson called this a war of saving the world safe for majority rule government so he could legitimize having sent soldiers over to Europe in the Great War (Document C) many saw it was a marriage of America to Foreign entrapments (Document E). Anyway Document E shows a figure named US Senate blasting through the window attempting to stop this marriage. The principle issue in the senate was the dedication of US troops to remote clashes. This issue caused Henry Cabot Lodge to lead the Republicans in the house to request that Wilson alter this arrangement of the settlement. In light of this interest Wilson asked Democrats in the Senate to acknowledge no trade offs and to just proposal to endorse the settlement as it seemed to be. In the event that the Republicans had acknowledged the settlement as it seemed to be, at that point the League of Nations may have been progressively fruitful however American soldiers may have passed on in clashes that with out the arrangement, the United States would not have been a piece of, then again had Wilson acknowledged this amendment, it may show that the United States didn't place confidence in the League of Nations, yet the United States inability to sanction would, at long last, fate the League of Nations to fall flat. Taking everything into account its announcement was the quality of the resistance powers, both liberal and preservationist, instead of the clumsiness and willfulness of President Wilson that prompted the Senate thrashing of the Treaty of Versailles. isn't totally legitimate. Had the different sides cooperated to attempt to arrive at some center ground, at that point perhaps the settlement may have been confirmed, yet Wilson and Lodge were reluctant to bargain and in this way set the League of Nations up for disappointment, and put the world one bit nearer to a subsequent universal war.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Columbias Program for Financial Studies

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Columbias Program for Financial Studies Already well known as a finance powerhouse, Columbia Business School (CBS) stepped up its finance game in 2010 with the establishment of the Program for Financial Studies. The umbrella initiative connects faculty who approach financial studies from a variety of disciplines with students, alumni and external organizations. The programs main goals are to support research, enhance the Columbia finance curriculum and related resources for students and create opportunities for the exchange of ideas between Columbia students and faculty and members of the external finance community. Finance wonks will enjoy the program’s finance case studies, including The Norwegian Government Pension Fund: The Divestiture of Wal-Mart Inc., written by Professor Andrew Ang, and Don’t Be Evil: Google’s 2004 Dutch Auction Initial Public Offering, written by the program’s director, Professor Laurie Hodrick. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at CBS or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides.  If you are applying, our  CBS Interview Guide  can help you put your best foot forward. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids Blog Archive Friday Factoid Columbias Program for Financial Studies Already well known as a finance powerhouse, Columbia Business School has stepped up its finance game with the recent (2010) establishment of the Program for Financial Studies. The umbrella initiative connects faculty who approach financial studies from a variety of disciplines with students, alumni and external organizations. The programs main goals are to support research, to enhance the Columbia finance curriculum and related resources for students and to create opportunities for the exchange of ideas between Columbia students and faculty and members of the external finance community. Finance wonks will enjoy the program’s finance case studies, including The Norwegian Government Pension Fund: The Divestiture of Wal-Mart Inc., written by Professor Andrew Ang and Don’t Be Evil: Google’s 2004 Dutch Auction Initial Public Offering, written by the program’s director, Professor Laurie Hodrick. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids

Overview of the United States Air Force Art Collection

The conditions of war are rather difficult and require a great deal of concentration and determination. This is one of the reasons for which the United States Army has developed several mechanisms through which its soldiers and recruits can ensure a wider variety of recreational activities that drive them away from the stress of everyday assignments. These include art and music, which are essential for relieving some of the pressures that soldiers face in their duty. There have been numerous attempts through which aspects such as art and music have come to be connected with war-like conditions and that have determined an improved state of mind of the soldiers. At the same time however, there is a constant need to further contemplate the activities undergone by soldiers through different manifestation of recreational endeavors that include, among others, art and music. The United States Air Force has provided the necessary background to encourage the establishment and further development of an artistic view on the activities undergone by its members through the US Air Force Art program. One of the main aspects of the mission of the program is The United States Air Force Art Collection documents the story of the Air Force through the universal language of art. The actions and deeds of Air Force men and women are recorded in paintings by eminent American artists in a way words alone could never tell. These paintings are both historical and educational and expose theShow MoreRelatedThe Idea Of The Absurd3255 Words   |  14 Pagescare for humanity the way we seem to want it to. The atheist view of this statement is that people create stories, or gods, which in their minds transcend reality to fill this void and attempt to satisfy their need. Now Let’s Begin†¦ †¦ In many works of art there are many emphasizes of the absurdity of an individual’s existence while there are, at the same time, many things encouraging that idea that life’s meaning is from what the individual makes of it. Through this, a person may feel a stronger senseRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 Pagescontinuity and change, to preserve and protect cultural and natural heritage while vividly illustrating the progression of the human imagination and the natural world. This  article  provides an overview of the different types of museums and explains how they acquire, care for, and exhibit their collections. It also discusses educational programs at museums and profiles museum staff and professional organizations. 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The flow of the questions will be in the subsequent order recommended by the research put forth. The end state will be an academically sound and as well as precise and accurate method of instruction designed to meet all program outcomes. The areas researched are (1) obtaining a management degree, (2) becoming a licensed pilot, (3) government regulations, (4)Read MoreDesigning a Sustainable Solid Waste Collection System in Morocco11666 Words   |  47 PagesWaste Collection System in Morocco Introduction Solid waste management is a matter of great concern in most urban towns in developing countries around the world. The local authorities are responsible for managing municipal solid waste but are in most cases, they are unable to discharge their duties effectively because they lack the capacity to handle the complexities of the process in terms of the design and appropriate systems. 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At the time that the London eyes was opened no-one thought that it would became one of the most popular paid tourism attraction in united kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people annually. Visitor attractions include: fairground attractions (including theme parks); piers; historic railways; Madame Tussaud’s and the London Eye. 1.1.2 Natural A Natural attraction is a place of interestRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pages1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 CHAPTER 6: The Laws of War and Neutrality 24 CHAPTER 7: War Crimes and Nuremberg

Two sides of the same coin Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2048 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Two sides of the same coin: Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act Abstract: To strengthen the position of urban governance in a more organized manner, the government of India took a pivotal initiative through the enactment of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act. In this paper I attempt to analyse the role of 74th constitutional amendment in increasing the functionality, authority and efficiency of the urban local bodies, in terms of the powers rendered to the urban local bodies under the 74th constitutional amendment. I attempt to analyse the effective and efficient implementation of the 74th constitutional amendment by including a small case study of urban governance in the city of Chandigarh, Punjab. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Two sides of the same coin: Evaluating 74th Constitutional Amendment Act" essay for you Create order Introduction: The system of local service delivery through the means of local government bodies began with a Budget Speech by a member of viceroyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s council Samuel Laing, he proposed that local services should be based on local resources. Local governance bodies have been a part of Indian governance system since the British Era, the first Municipal Corporation was set up in Madras in 1688 followed by Bombay and Calcutta. In the beginning local governance bodies were mere implementation instrument of state governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s activities but since the introduction of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, there has been a change in this status quo. Since the early 1990s there has been a lot of initiative undertaken by the Government of India which were aimed at decentralisation of urban governance, this was the part of adoption of neo-liberal policies adopted by the government after facing failure of the state-led development model, as for under this model the governme nt kept its role secondary giving more importance to market oriented approaches. Under this step taken by the Government of India enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, was one such initiative, this gave constitutional recognition to urban local bodies and a constitutional right to exist. AnewTwelfthScheduletotheConstitutionprovidesrecommendedlistoflocalfunctions. Under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, it requires the state governments of all the states to amend their respective municipal laws so as to increase the powers and authority of the urban local bodies, as quoting the line for the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“withsuchpowersandauthorityasmaybenecessarytoenablethemtofunctionasinstitutionsofselfgovernanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act provides a base to the state the ability to transfer certain responsibility and authority to the urban local bodies i.e. municipalities in order to provide a strong base for mu nicipal local governance in cities, in this regard several state government has amended their state legislature in the same regard. Under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, it is mandatory to undertake the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act and implement in the respective state legislatures. It is under the article 243ZE of the constitution which requires all the state governments to review the existing municipal laws and either repeal or modify those which are inconsistent with the provision of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act within one year from the commencement of the Act.[1] 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in a nutshell: Features and Issues Features of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act 74th Constitutional Amendment has been constituted in congruence with the idea of new public management. Under this concept the major role the state play is of withdrawing itself from directly influencing the market activities and let demand and supply correct the course of market. One of the features of this concept is that the government breaks down the huge monolithic government beaurcracies, which refers to heavy decentralisation of responsibilities and authorities. According to my understanding the enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act is very much influenced by this characteristic of new public management. Before the enactment of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act the role of urban local bodies was merely of implementation of activities undertaken by state and national government. Constitutional status has been granted to the urban local bodies under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, under which a three tier structure of the urban local bodies has been env isaged. Formation of Municipal Corporation for larger area with higher populations the example of this can be Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, and creation of municipal councils for smaller areas which includes towns like Upleta in Gujarat, and creation of village panchayats for villages that are in transitions to become towns. Under this amendment the governing members of the municipal corporation are being elected by the people through an election in a similar way in which the members of the lok sabha are elected, the election is conducted, managed and regulated by the state election commission. This indicates that the democracy has established deep roots in the political system of the country. Under article 243Y, it makes it mandatory for every state to establish a state finance commission as it is defined by article 243I. The function of the state finance commission is advising the Governor of the state regarding the distribution of funds between state and municipalities w hich also includes the revenue generated from tolls, taxes and duties. The state finance commission also acts as a auditing organisation which scrutinises the employment of the finances to the urban local bodies. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in its article 243ZD and 243ZE makes it mandatory to form committee for district planning in each district and committee for metropolitan planning in every metropolitan area. These committees endeavour to provide newer dimension for the role of citizens and its elected representatives in preparation of plans for their respective regions, infrastructure plan being it most important component. It is sometimes that cities in the same districts share certain natural resources or problems like allocation of water, waste management which might create overlapping situations; it is the function of committee for district planning to cater to such scenarios. Whereas committee for metropolitan planning caters to the increasing infrastructure an d amenities demand in metropolitan cities due to expansion of its boundaries or population. Under this act the urban local bodies are endowed with responsibilities for formulation and implementation of schemes for economic and social development, the subjects for the same have been specified under the 12th schedule i.e. article 243W. Issues in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act The enactment of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act marks a transformation in the role of urban local governing bodies in terms of the urban governing bodies being constitutionalised and substantial authorities being granted to them under the act regarding decision making to acquiring finance, but still certain questions remained unanswered. The first issue in implementation of the act is the identification and demarcation rural and urban areas. In states like Gujarat, West Bengal, Kerala, approximately two third of towns are non-municipal towns.[2] Even though these towns in these states have higher prevalence of non-agricultural activities these town are not recognised as cities and are still under the status of villages, this is because under the status of villages the state government can sanction grant for implementation of projects for rural development like MNREGA, NREGA etc. while on the other hand if these area are classified as cites the states would not be able to sanction money for such developmental activities from the government and the state itself will be responsible to provide grants for further infrastructure development in these newly formed cities. The implication of this is that the local bodies lose out on better sources of finance. Therefore due to the vested interest of the members of the political structure of the state barriers are created in the implementation of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act makes the urban local bodies responsible not only for mere implementation of the state directives, but also makes them responsible for carrying out activities for social and economic development under 18 subject mentioned under schedule 12 i.e. article 243W, but the act does not make it clear how the three tier bodies i.e. municipal corporations, municipal councils and nagar panchayats will work in synchrony in order to accomplish this tasks. The act leaves it to the discretion of the stat e to work out the arrangement in this regard. One of the objectives of enacting 74th Constitutional Amendment Act was increasing people and private participation in urban planning, but due to public and private organisations being suspicious about the functioning of the urban local bodies, there has been no significant change in this regard. Case Study: Implementation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in Chandigarh I have adopted the following case study from an article by Deepak Sharma titled as: An Evaluation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: A Case Study of Chandigarh, India Background Chandigarh is a union territory and a joint capital of the state of Punjab and Haryana. With around 9, 00,000 population it is one of the fastest growing city. The municipal corporation of Chandigarh was formed in 1994 and its jurisdictional area is around 79.34 kms. The municipal corporation of Chandigarh came into being after passing of Punjab Municipal Corporation Law ordinance, 1994 under the Punjab Municipal Corporation Act, 1976. The functioning of the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation is done by formation of various committees that are allocated with different task for the governance of the city. The example committees under the Chandigarh municipal corporation are as follows: Water Supply and Sewerage Committee Roads Committee Slum Development Committee Fire Services Committee Environment City Beautification Committee House Tax Committee Finance Committee Contract Committee Report of findings Under the74th Constitutional Amendment Act, the urban local bodies is also been charged with activities of social and economic development for the empowerment of the citizen of the particular cities, but in Chandigarh there has been incongruence with the mandates of the act, where the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation has been partially endowed with such responsibility education and health and the Chandigarh administration maintains a monopoly, this lead to overlapping functions, and it is conceptually against what has been mandated in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. As per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, the members of the urban local bodies have to be elected by the people of the city, this what has been implemented in the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation as well, but as the members of the municipal board belong to different political parties, there has been difference of opinion regarding decision making and implementation of project, which in turn delays or eith er sabotages the developmental or infrastructural initiative by the Chandigarh municipal corporation at times, here there has not been a failure of the act, but this is because of different political parties acting as per their own vested interest. The municipal corporation in Chandigarh faces issue of funds accumulation because of two reasons. The first being that the funding grants are in the hands of Chandigarh administration which at times end up either blocking or delaying transfer of funds to the Chandigarh municipal corporation and the second being the inefficient state finance commission. Even if the funds are being allocated only a small fraction is employed in implementation of project as due to the layer of political agents that end up utilising funds from their own purposes. As mentioned above that the Chandigarh municipal corporation has been facing dearth of funds, one of the reason is that the municipal corporation has failed to recover tax arrears, majorly thes e tax arrears has been because there has been defaulters amongst liquor vendors and water tariffs. Thus this implies 1) there is an improper record system in the Chandigarh municipal corporation leading to arrears as large as $112,375,000[3], 2) extensive corruption. Conclusion: From the information about the enactment, features, flaws of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, and by presenting the case study of Chandigarh Municipal Corporation, I finally conclude that the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act is apt in its spirit of empowerment and decentralisation of function and responsibilities to the urban local bodies, but there lies an issue with the effective implementation of the act. In this regard the blame can be given to the still existing beauracratic structure of governance in India leading to rent seeking and red-tapping, but along with this there has been lack of awareness and motivation amongst the public which are an equal part of the governance system. Appendix: References [1] Article: Implementation of the 74th Constitutional Amendment and Integration of city planning and delivery functions. [2] Adopted from article: Features of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment [3] Figure adopted from Article: Evaluation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: A Case Study of Chandigarh, India by Deepak Sharma

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X - 1491 Words

During the Civil Rights Movement, which lasted from 1865 to the late 1960s, three different amendments were composed and ratified in favor of African Americans. Many famous African Americans, from musicians to authors and leaders to entertainers, sprouted from the influence of this period. Two strong leaders from this era were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. made a bigger impact on the population than Malcolm X because of his speeches, beliefs, direct and peaceful activities, and the effect his death had on the population. Martin Luther King Jr.’s belief was that people of all colors, including both blacks and whites, could live in eternal peace and equality. King believed that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at†¦show more content†¦They Sunni â€Å"claim that the Shi’a has distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an† (Beck, pg.271). There are significantly more Sunnis than Shi’as, the other Muslim gr oup, in the world. Malcolm X received a religious name, as well, which was El-Hajj Malik El-Shabbazz. He also challenged the religion, Orthodox Islam, of Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X traveled across the world preaching to others, and as he talked more and more, he realized that, his beliefs were very close to King’s. Malcolm X was learning more and more that King’s beliefs and teachings were in fact, superior. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote and delivered many speeches in his lifetime. However, perhaps one of the best known and the most easily recognized of his speeches is â€Å"I Have a Dream.† But many ask, what in particular about this speech made it have such a great impact on the population? He uses repetition to make important words stand out. Such instances occur with the words and phrases: â€Å"now is the time†, â€Å"I have a dream†, â€Å"let freedom ring†, and â€Å"free at last† (Narins, par.6,15,22,27). All of these words hav e to do with blacks becoming free, or acquiring civil rights and equality. King also used imagery in his speech when he compared a â€Å"sweltering summer† to the Negro’s unhappiness of the lack of freedom and justice. Martin Luther King Jr. also usedShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesWithout Martin Luther King, there is no Malcolm X. Without Malcolm X, there is no Martin Luther King. There couldn’t have been one without the other. They were complete opposites; they were two of the most different men. Nevertheless, they were fighting for the same thing. They were fighting for the civil rights of African Americans in a country thought to have been based on â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"equality†. These two men were brave enough to stand up for what they believed in, for what was right. They wereRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X811 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconstrued as a harangue. To be more pre cise, Malcolm X’s outcries can be deemed as both impolitic and radical. 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Mississippi River Flood free essay sample

The Mississippi River flood of 1927 actually started In the summer of 1926 with heavy rain n the central basin that eventually overtook the levee systems which were ineffective against the flood. According to Wisped, the floods were so bad that they flooded over 27,000 square miles which was double the volume of the amount of water in Niagara Falls. In April of 1927, there was 15 inches of rain that came down on the city of New Orleans, with floods up to 4 feet high covering some parts of the city.Wisped also states that the flood caused over $400 million In damages and killed 246 people In seven states. Clearly, the flood was destructive and did extensive damage to the cities near the Mississippi River. According to the Encyclopedia of Louisiana, almost 1 million people were displaced from their homes. According to instrumentals. Org, after the flood, record companies were looking for blues artists who were making songs about the flood. We will write a custom essay sample on Mississippi River Flood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These companies were looking for specific themes about the destruction of the flood, deaths, Injustice that was brought on from the flood. Mainly because It was a hot topic and knew that music would be popular amongst the black communities who were effected by the disaster. There were many songs made by blues artists about the flood, three of them were called Lonnie Johnnys Broken Levee Blues, Charlie Patrons High Water Everywhere, and Barbecue Bobs Mississippi Heavy Water Blues. In Broken Levee Blues, Lonnie Johnson references how he was forced to work the levee, he was scared the levee would break and flood his home, the police forced him to work or he would go to Jail, but he refused to work. The people that were affected by the flood can definitely relate to this song, it was probably very popular when It was released. In charge Patrons, High Water Everywhere, he references everything being flooded and says ex.s going to move to Greenville and Vicksburg because they are cities in the north that would not flood.This probably had an influence on the people who decided to migrate north to find new homes away from the flood zones. In Barbecue Bobs Mississippi Heavy Water Blues, he seems to be sad because the flood destroyed his home, It took the life of his lover, he has no money and nothing Is left but mud everywhere. Many others could relate to what this song expressed which is why it was a hit. The Great Flood of the Mississippi River had a major impact on the Great Migration of African Americans from the deep south of the United States to the North.Wisped states that blacks moved from 14 states of the south with most of the people leaving Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana to the west, Midwest, and the north regions. The flood forced people t o leave the areas affected by It because and start new lives in cities like Chicago, New York, Cleveland, and Detroit. Most families and individuals were out on their own, the government did not give them any assistance. The flood effected some cities in a positive way because their economy started to boost. Cities like Cleveland became industrialized.Everything was not all good for the southern migrants in their new cities as they still suffered from discrimination, but they were headed in the right direction. The roots of the blues were derived from slave workers, church music, and field hollers. According to the University of Chicago website, The Great Migration brought Jazz musicians north for the same reasons that other people did: failing crops, the flood, better pay, and discrimination in the south. Many of the African-Americans from the south moved north, including the musicians.This had an effect on the transformation of blues music to other genres like the Chicago Blues. The blues were transforming from music that was being played in the fields, to being played in the clubs and started to grow in popularity which was different than what most of America was used to. Most people listened to European music so they were not used to the blues at first. I think that as many African Americans headed north, it was as if the blues were telling the rest of the blacks in the south to follow. The blues definitely had an impact on the great migration because they helped to convince more African Americans to move Roth.The Great Flood of 1927 had a major effect on African American culture and music. Specifically the Mississippi Delta blues. The flood was extremely destructive and took many lives and left many people homeless. They were all forced to move away, but with the help of blues musicians it made life easier and gave the African American migrants something to believe in and hope for by listening to their music and seeing how they had become successful by moving north. The blues music began to evolve and turn into the popular music that we listen to today.

Identify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection Essay Example

Identify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection Essay The Strategic HRM Diagnostic Model (Stone, 2002:26) attempts to provide Human Resource Managers with an analytical framework designed to assist in the prediction and prevention of possible problems. The approach encourages HR managers to be pro-active, and to consider the nature of the internal and external environments before pursuing a particular course of action (Stone, 2002:25). The influences of the environments span all activities of Human Resource Management and this essay explores those that have significance for two HR activities in particular. The two of which are employee recruitment and employee selection. An organisation has extremely little, to no, control over its external environment, the aspects of which are too numerous to list. The external environment influences HRM practices, thus influencing HR activities, both directly and indirectly. In other words, an aspect of the organisation’s external environment may directly affect the processes of employee recruitment and selection through influencing HRM practices, but at the same time it will influence the organisation’s internal environment, hence affecting the processes through strategic alignment. One major external environmental influence may be politics. The state of politics may affect the processes of employee recruitment and selection in various ways. For example, political instability has had a dramatic influence on the practices of employee recruitment in Algeria (Mellahi Wood, 1996). This study addresses the impact the civil war has had on recruitment practices, among other things. An interesting discovery was that the lengthy political crisis led small and medium sized firms away from ‘rationalistic’, strategically driven practices and forced them into, what is referred to as, a ‘coping mode’. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Identify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Identify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The ‘coping mode’ is reactive, as apposed to pro-active, fostering a ‘stay alive’ strategy; hence greatly affecting the management of human resources both directly and indirectly. Laws and regulations may also influence the HR activities of employee recruitment and selection. Changes in legislation could be seen as an indirect influence, in that an organisation’s objectives and strategy may have to be reconsidered due to restricting business opportunities or increasing competition as a result of the changes (Stone, 2002:17). Laws and regulations regarding equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, sexual harassment, privacy and terminations, however, prove to have a more direct influence, in that they have facilitated the creation of new jobs such as sex equity expert, gender bias officer and harassment facilitator (Lehn, 1997). The creation of new jobs requires the recruitment and selection of new employees, whether they are from outside or within the organisation; hence the direct influence. The process of employee selection is influenced in particular by equal employment opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action (AA) legislation (Sullivan, 1998), which require fair treatment for all members of the community and the elimination of discrimination. These factors play a major role in shaping the selection criteria and although they remain the same with respect to time, unlike other aspects of the external environment, they must still be considered a direct influence. The environmental influence of the labour market may also affect employee recruitment and selection. According to Doverspike, Taylor, Shultz and McKay (2002) â€Å"U. S. employers say they simply cannot find enough employees, let alone skilled employees†. This is due to the growth of the U. S. economy and the decrease of unemployment. This study explores various contributing factors of the shortage of job applicants in the U. S. , which is a significant problem for both private and public sectors. One such contributing factor is the changing demographic makeup of the workforce. Doverspike et al. 2002) explains that it is necessary to focus recruiting methods on the characteristics of certain ‘untraditional employee’ groups, so as to attract them amid the changing demographic makeup. Untraditional employee groups, for example, are Baby-Boomers, generation Xers, minority groups and any other group that requires special consideration when recruitment and selection processes are implemented. The state of economy can also have a more direct influence on the recruiting process, in that, the value or effectiveness of particular recruiting methods depends greatly on the state of economy (Teigen, 2002). For instance, high unemployment usually infers that unsolicited applications are more frequent and of better quality than they are when the labour market is tight. Also, in a situation of full employment several recruiting methods may need to be used simultaneously in order to generate even a few qualified candidates (Stone, 2002:180). Finally, technological advancement and the rate of technological change can influence employee recruitment and selection. In fact, a study was carried out by Byrne (2000) on the affect technological advancement has had on the management of the company, General Motors. Byrne (2000) states that â€Å"new technology, particularly the internet, is causing radical transformation that is nothing less than a new industrial revolution†. Thus, to survive and thrive in this century, managerial practices must change; hence influencing HR activities. These are only a small portion of the potential influences on HR activities from the external environment. Many more have significance to employee recruitment and selection, but it is important to remember that political, legal, environmental, economical and technological aspects of the external environment, as well as other aspects, affect HRM and HR activities periodically. In other words, although these aspects are key influences on HRM, they are managed through the development of a long-term strategy (Stone, 2002:18). This strategy, which is often referred to as the ‘corporate strategy’ or ‘master strategy’, is selected in light of the organisation’s external opportunities and threats and internal strengths and weaknesses. It influences HRM from within the organisation because strategic HRM requires HRM objectives and strategies to be linked, as closely as possible, to the organisation’s objectives and strategies. Thus, different types of organisational strategies produce a need for particular HR strategies (Stone, 2002:21). The successful integration of strategies, otherwise known as strategic alignment, has proven to improve an organisation’s environment for success (CCH, 1995). This is apparent in the case study of Colgate Palmolive’s development and implementation of their ‘global vision’ (Anfuso, 1995). Without successful integration, an organisation’s effectiveness would be substantially impaired (Grundy, 1998:50). Other aspects of the organisation’s internal environment, aside from its objectives and strategy, include the organisation’s purpose or mission, its structure and its culture. The purpose of an organisation is influenced by external factors and greatly influences the objectives and strategy, as well as the culture of an organisation. It can be considered, along with the organisation’s culture, when assessing its influence on the activities of employee recruitment and selection because it is essentially the projection of an organisations culture to the community. The purpose moulds the culture, thus potential employees deduce the values and beliefs of the organisation from its mission. The image of an organisation may affect the recruiting and selection processes by attracting or deterring potential applicants. According to Kristof (1996) â€Å"applicants are attracted to work environments that are compatible with their personal characteristics†. It is also important for management to foster a culture that promotes the achievement of the organisation’s strategic business objectives (Greene, 1995). With this in mind, selection criteria may be based on personality and attitude rather than skill or knowledge. Organisations use this tactic in hope of reducing the possibility of consequences and undesirable behaviours (Stone, 2002:211). An example of organisational culture having a negative influence on HRM is the case of Australia’s four largest banks (Westpac, National Australia, ANZ and Commonwealth). These organisations foster cultures which are high on authority and low on warmth, teamwork, employee commitment and concern for performance. Westpac’s culture, for example, is described as old-style ‘command and control’ and poses a dramatic influence on employee recruitment and selection through employee turnover, with the focus on women employees (Gray, 1997; Lyall, 1997). The structure of an organisation, as mentioned above, should be such that it helps achieve the organisation’s strategic objectives. The restructuring of an organisation to suit a selected strategy directly influences the activities of employee recruitment and selection. Organisations with narrow spans of control that are hierarchical in structure, for example, tend to be authoritarian, rigid, formal, highly specialised and bureaucratic. Whereas, organisations with wide spans of control that are flat in structure tend to be more flexible, adaptable, informal, less specialised and more entrepreneurial. Each type of structure requires employees with particular qualities and skills; therefore, the recruitment and selection processes are influenced. Downsizings and the financial costs of maintaining a full-time work force may initiate a change in the structure of an organisation. According to Burgess (1996) these factors have motivated employers to make greater use of independent contractors, temporary workers and executive leasing; hence, eliminating a number of jobs. Essentially, viewing employee recruitment and selection in a strategic light requires the HR manager to conduct each activity with top priority (HR Focus, 2000). This is because, for many organisations, competing for skilled employees is imperative as they are seen as a source of competitive advantage (Thomas, 2001; Way, 2000). To reiterate, the implementation of strategic alignment encourages the activities of recruitment and selection to reflect the direction of the strategic HRM objectives, which again reflect the direction of the strategic business objectives. The external environment influences the activities of recruitment and selection both directly and indirectly. Their direct influence is periodical and ever-changing and their indirect influence is a result of their affect on the organisation’s internal environment, which then influences the strategic HRM objectives. This essay is by no means a comprehensive study of all the possible influences of the Strategic HRM Diagnostic Model that have significance for employee recruitment and selection. Instead, it logically maps the influences of key aspects of an organisation’s internal and external environments, on the HR activities of employee recruitment and selection. Reference List- Anfuso, D. 1995. â€Å"Colgate aligns HR with its global vision†. Personnel Journal 74[1]:1 Burgess, J. 1996. â€Å"Workforce casualisation in Australia†. Journal of International Employment Relations Review 2[1]:33-54 Byrne, J. A. 2000. â€Å"Management by web†. Business Week 3696:44-52 CCH. 1995. â€Å"Successful companies integrate HR practices with business goals and full leverage employees†. Human Resources Management, Ideals and Trends 330:56-57 Doverspike, D. , Taylor, M. A. , Shultz, K. S McKay, P. F. 2000. â€Å"Responding to the challenge of a changing workforce: Recruiting non-traditional demographic groups†. Public Personnel Management 29[4]:445-457 Gray, J. 1997. â€Å"Macho bank culture drives top women from Westpac†. Australian Financial Review 3:1-32 Greene, R. J. 1995. Culturally competitive HR strategies†. HR Magazine 40[6]:115- 123 Grundy, T. 1998. â€Å"How are corporate strategy and human resources strategy linked? †. Journal of General Management 23[33]: 49-72 HR Focus. 2000. â€Å"The top HR issue of 2000†. HR Focus 77[4]:1 Kristof, A. L. 1996. â€Å"Person-organisation fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, mea surement, and implications†. Personnel Psychology 49:1-49 Lehn, A. 1997. â€Å"Against all reason? †. Review 49[4]:30-37 Lyall, K. 1997. â€Å"Bank women resigned to frustration†. Weekend Australian 8-9th March:6 Mellahi, K Wood, G. T. 2003. From kinship to trust: Changing recruitment practices in unstable political context†. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 3[3]:369-381 Stone, Raymond J. 2002. Human Resource Management. Milton: John Wiley Sons. Sullivan, J. 1998. â€Å"Recruitment in the next millennium†. RCSA Journal 3:10 Teigen, M. 2002. â€Å"The suitable few: Managerial recruitment practices in the Norwegian state bureaucracy†. Scandinavian Journal of Management 18:197-215 Thomas, T. 2001. â€Å"The battle for talent†. Business Review Weekly 23[12]:72-73 Way, N. 2000. â€Å"Talent war†. Business Review Weekly 22[32]:64-70

6 Steps to Surviving a Job as a Night Shift Nurse

6 Steps to Surviving a Job as a Night Shift Nurse Being a night shift nurse can be extremely rewarding and heroic. It can also be incredibly grueling. Before you sign up to this gig, here are a few survival tips. And for those of you with no interest in such work, read on to see some of the challenges that face these tireless heroes who do such vital, life-saving work. 1. Understand your inner clock.Your circadian clock is your internal inclination to follow a normal 24-hour cycle. It also helps to regulate many of your body processes: hormones, temperature, heart rate, etc. The more you understand about these rhythms (and how your job will mess with them), the better off you’ll be. Realize that you will naturally crave sleep between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m., and do what it takes to train your body to, well, do the opposite of what it naturally wants to do.It may not be at the ideal time every day, and you’ll likely have to schedule your sleep instead of just falling into a normal routine like everybody else yo u know, but it’s even more important for you. Get blackout curtains for your room. Use eye masks or ear plugs or white noise machines to optimize your sleep environment. Make a sleep schedule and stick to it. Make sure you get long periods of uninterrupted sleep and that your family respects these periods.2. Keeping yourself healthy is key.The healthier you are, the better prepared your body will be to survive night shifts. Keep an eye out for conditions you’re at a higher risk for than your daytime components, like insomnia, daytime drowsiness, high blood pressure, diabetes, menstrual irregularities, common colds, and weight gain. Make sure to exercise and be active- it will help you stay alert. And make sure to eat right: reach for snacks high in protein and complex sugars, rather than candy and chips. Drink plenty of water. Having a healthy home life can help reinforce all the good habits you’ll need to cultivate to stay afloat at work.3. Bond with your cowor kers.Your coworkers are like a family- even more so when you’re all working in the trenches of the night shift. It’s a much different, and often more intimate environment. Take advantage of this to really work as a team, communicating effectively, and being able to rely on each other when the going gets tough.4. Don’t overdo the caffeine.Caffeine can be your friend- it can boost your alertness just when you need it. Remember to give yourself 25 minutes or so for it to kick in. But be judicious- too much caffeine can make you jittery or affect your out-of-work sleep quality. Find a balance that works for you and doesn’t compromise your sleep.5. Schedule your home life.It’s important that you keep your home life going strong, so it’s a place of comfort and stability. This might mean having to schedule things that normal families take for granted. But it’s worth it. Make sure you’re staying in constant touch- through texts, emails , phone calls, etc. Leave post-it notes or start a bulletin board to stay connected. And make sure to have a few date nights on the books if you have a special someone.6. Know the costs.Being a night nurse is really tough. The hospital may be a bit quieter, but patients are rarely able to sleep and often are needier or more anxious at night. Your patients might even get a bit angry or disgruntled as the night progresses. You’ll also get a lot of the leftover grunt work no one in the day shift wanted to do. And if you get hungry? Forget about it. The cafeteria will long have closed.That said, if you remember to stock up on snacks and food to fuel your shift, and you can learn to adjust your inner clock (and withhold your rage at the FedEx guy or the ice cream truck), you’ll also have the benefit of an extremely important and gratifying job- and one that offers a bit more flexibility than other, more regularly scheduled gigs.

Scoring Cyber Competitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 130

Scoring Cyber Competitions - Essay Example Since it is an online activity, there needs to be an automated scoring machine which can be manipulated to generate and maintain scores to the competing teams. In fact, some competitions might require the use of certain services such as web, email, and database each of which plays an integral role in determining the success of the competition (Cashell, et al., 2004). Each of these machines should always be made available and actively maintained throughout the competition. Besides, I would like to recommend that competitors should be equipped with both offensive and defensive skills. Offensive skills can be crucial in launching an attack and allowing access to the vulnerabilities. On the other hand, defensive skills can be of much value especially when eliminating the vulnerabilities and building one’s own network before defending it (Loguidice & Barton, 2014). Lastly, the cyber competition should involve the use of rewards. The machine chosen should be in proper condition to help in awarding and deducting points from the competitors depending on the level of their performance. Points should be added if the competitor complies with all the rules and manages to carry out a successful defense, attack, and injections in line with the competition. Otherwise, points might be lost if they fail to do so or intentionally interrupt the scoring system.

Macroeconomics - power of the federal reserve in monetary policy Term Paper

Macroeconomics - power of the federal reserve in monetary policy - Term Paper Example The paper provides a brief overview of some recent actions that are taken by Federal Reserve. Federal Reserve is one of the most powerful institutes in terms of its capability of significantly influencing the monetary policy of United States of America. The primary mission of Fed is to make sure that sufficient money as well as credit is available and a sustainable economic growth is maintained without inflation. The organization has the power of slowing down the growth of money supply into the financial system when the inflation is likely to threaten the purchasing power of the common mass. The Fed has three tools to influence the monetary system and these are ‘discount rate’, ‘open market operations’ and ‘reserve requirements’ (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, n.d.). Among these ‘open market operations’ can be considered as the Fed’s main tool for influencing the monetary policy. There is a committee named Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) that is responsible for developing monetary policies that are based on â⠂¬Ëœopen market operations’ (Federal Reserve, n.d.). In open market operations, US government securities are bought and sold in the open market. The primary objective of such buying and selling is to influence the short-term interest rate and the growth of credit and money. Once the policy is developed by FOMC, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York takes the responsibility of implementing it. The second most important tool is the ‘discount rate’ which is nothing but the interest rate that is charged by the Fed from different financial institutions against short-term loans. The third one i.e. the reserve requirement is the amount that the financial institutions have to keep aside as ‘reserve’. If the ‘reserve requirement’ is raised by the Fed then the banks are likely to have less money for lending and as a result the growth of money

Anachronisms in A Knights Tale

Anachronisms in A Knights Tale There are several anachronistic factors portrayed in the 2001 film A Knights Tale, and these elements are specifically crafted to help allow the viewer to relate to a subject that lays outside of their area of expertise, in this case the middle ages. By blending the use of modern music, and modern clothing items, with historical references and names of that time period, the director Brian Helgeland, is providing the audience a way to relate to a subject matter that they may be unfamiliar with. The Merriam Webster Online dictionary defines Anachronism as: an error in chronology; especially a chronological misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs in regard to each other. A person or a thing that is chronologically out of place; especially:   one from a former age that is incongruous in the present. the state or condition of being chronologically out of place Anachronism in storytelling is not a new phenomenon. The earliest forms of dramatic entertainment in the Middle Ages was the staging of religious narrative as public plays. These performances also relied on such anachronism to help the audiences to understand a time far removed from their own.   The roles of characters from religious plays were modelled after the roles members of the audience could relate to, to make the story easier for the audience to accept. The same can be said of the film A Knights Tale, which uses modern day elements, blended with a romanticised version of medieval history, to enhance the audiences familiarity with the period portrayed. In medieval times a sport arose. Embraced by noble and peasant alike though only noble knights could compete. The sport was jousting. For one of these knights, an over-the-hill former champion, it was the end. But for his peasant squire William, it was merely the beginning. (A Knights Tale chapter 1) The jousting arena as portrayed in one of the first action scenes of the film, is shown in a fairly historically accurate manner, from the design of the raised throne area for the local nobility, to the dirt and plain wooden benches for the peasants. The trappings of heraldic devices, the horses armor, or barding, and the lances and other tournament equipment are quite authentic in appearance; only the use of Queens We Will Rock You seems out of place. But the inclusion of this type of music, and that song in particular are quite intentional. That same piece of music can be heard used today, in a similar setting. In a modern hockey arena or football stadium, you can see different groups of people, seated on benches, with painted faces, cheering wildly for their chosen team. These people are separated into different areas, some with a better view of the activities than others, and this music is quite often played to help raise the anticipation of the fans, and to increase their enjoym ent of the games. This lends an air of familiarity to the scene in the movie. Jousting tournaments, much like modern sporting events today, provided a sense of community and belonging that could be enjoyed by all, peasants and nobility alike.   The use of Queens We Will Rock You helps demonstrates the excitement and extravagance of the tournament scene, and reminds us how much this new sport is like our own NHL, WWF or Football industries. (Cetiner-Oktem, 2009, p.50). The anachronistic terminology used in describing the final jousting tournament in London as the World Championship also helps forge a link to our modern times, making the events seem more familiar and allowing the viewer to willingly suspend his disbelief. The anachronism of modern clothes follows a similar logic in allowing the audience to relate to the film. From the style of Jocelyns transparent blouse, the use of a modern day hat, overcoats with deep v neck lines, or a black and white outfit that has a more modern look to it, these clothing choices are far more relatable to a modern audience than the chemise, underskirt, overskirt, bustle, corset, and heavy fabric over dress of a noblewomans closest. The clothing of the women is not the only anachronistic wardrobe in the film. Williams character also wears fitted and shaped pants, very similar in design to modern dress pants, and his dress tunic for the feast is cut much more in the style of a modern overcoat, rather than the traditional tunic he would have worn in the middle ages. These style cues make the characters, and the settings seem more like our own, thus allowing us to adapt to the historical setting of the movie a little easier. These anachronisms not only bridge the gap between periods, but create a deep sense of familiarity for the audience. There are many historically appropriate names and places referenced in the film, including the character of Geoffrey Chaucer. By incorporating a person of historical significance, the film gains some added credibility as a period piece, but the fictional character is portrayed in a manner that makes it easier for the audience to accept and understand the character. As Chaucer speaks to the crowds as Williams herald, he uses a style of speech and tone of voice that is instantly recognizable to many modern viewers. The verbal build-up of Williams character, the accounting of all his attributes, and his past battle accomplishments, are all very reminiscent of the style and mannerisms of famous fight announcer Bruce Buffer, whom many viewers in the audience would know from Professional boxing and UFC fights. As Cetiner-Oktem states in the essay Dreaming the Middle Ages, Chaucer is not a part of American culture. Thus, this encounter may also be read as bridging the infant American cultur e, embodied in William, to the well-established English culture, embodied in Chaucer. (Cetiner-Oktem, 2009, p.50) Another historical name that is used in the film is that of Williams noble alter ego; Ulrich von Liechtenstein from Gelderland. As we have learned in our course studies, Sir Ulrich was a real knight from the thirteenth century, who also followed the ideals of courtly love and chivalry, and wrote of his many adventures. (McKenzie, 2017) The plot device that Lady Jocelyn uses to get William to prove his love to her in the film also has some historical bearing. It was originally contrived by Chrà ©tien de Troyes in his story Lancelot or The Knight of the Cart in the twelfth century. In it Guinevere tells Lancelot to do his worst, and lose in a tournament, only to change her mind midway, and tell Lancelot to do the best he can, in order to prove his love for her. All of these historical embellishments all help to provide some credibility to the time period the film is set i n, and may even provoke the audience to look further into the actual truth of the history portrayed, as it did in my case. I feel that although this film is a neo-medievalist telling of a story, all of the modern and historical elements, from the historical names and places, to the modern elements of music and fashion are combined together with some artistry and grace to create a compelling tale that the audience can easily relate too, while providing escapist fantasy. The film still provides an enjoyable portrayal of medieval times, and provides enough historical facets to be thought provoking. References Anachronism. (N.D.) in Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anachronism Black, T. (Producer), Helgeland, B. (Producer), Van Rellim, T. (Producer) Helgeland, B. (Director). (2001) A Knights Tale [Motion picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures. Cetiner-Oktem, Z. (2009). Dreaming the Middle Ages: American Neomedievalism in A Knights Tale and Timeline. Interactions, (1), 43. McKenzie, A. (2017). Week 6: Neo-medievalism in Film: Chivalry Fountains: Knightly Chivalry and the Arthurian Tradition. [Online course slides] Retrieved on March 4, 2017, from https://conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/145142/viewContent/3017348/View McKenzie, A. (2017). Week 6: Neo-medievalism in Film: Chivalry Fountains: The Chivalric Code of Honour. [Online course slides] Retrieved on March 4, 2017, from https://conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/145142/viewContent/3017347/View

To Deny Competition is to Deny Life Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

To Deny Competition is to Deny Life I can remember in fourth grade having an Easter egg hunt at school and having the teacher tell us that we could pick up only three eggs, and then we were to stop. Truth be told, that rule was probably in place for people like me who were so incredibly slow that the other kids would have gotten all the eggs before I even got there, but that didn't matter. I can still remember how stupid I thought it was and how it took the whole point out of the experience. Or how about when we had an art "competition" and half the class got first place ribbons and everyone else got second place ribbons. I had even less art skills than speed at that time and it still annoyed me. What was the prize worth if it was easily attained? Why were they trying to fool me in order to make me feel good about myself? Why were they afraid of real competition? I have been a fierce competitor all my life. I believe I owe most of the credit to having two older brothers who are somewhat close in age. I remember shooting baskets and knowing full well that the only way I was going to shoot the ball was if I managed to get the ball away from my much taller and bigger brothers. If I wanted to play with them at all, I had to learn some way of bridging that natural gap, and it instilled in me a competitive spirit that has been carried with me, further developed, and found to be essential throughout many aspects of my life. Humans are naturally competitive beings. If we weren't, we wouldn't still be around on this planet. One of the greatest and healthiest forms of competition is found in sports. The fact that sports are still thriving also points to our need for competition, for they are an outlet for our ... ... of life. If people can't see this, then it is easy to understand how they can't see the true beauty of competition. Competition is an essential part of growing up. It mirrors life almost to perfection while allowing it to be a game. To deny competition is to deny that life will present us with struggles. It is to pretend that this world will not offer obstacles to be overcome. To fear the pain of failure for either yourself or anyone else is to misunderstand the importance of challenges to create purpose. It is to misunderstand the balance of life. A hollow victory is no victory at all. So I say give me competition. I'll strive to do and be my best and I'll take my chances and if I fall short then so be it, for that's reality. Allow me to hold in balance the chance of failure and the hope of success, for it is in these moments that I can dare to be alive.

Sociological Approach to the Study of Religion

Outline and assess one of the main approaches to the study of religions. Religion and ‘The Study of Religions’ has many approaches which try to investigate the core of what religion is and what it means to the people who practice it. Sociology is one such approach that this essay will be looking at through its founding fathers Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Karl Marx. Sociology in general looks at people’s dynamics and explains a group’s influence. It demonstrates how religious belief and practices have become so important over time and emphasises their role and significance throughout. Each of these three sociologists has a link to these ideas which will be the main thesis in this essay. Emile Durkheim looks at religion from a functionalist perspective in the sense that he assumes that religion has a positive role in society, as it acts as an important socialisation process for all members. The theory is largely based on the Arunta tribe in Australia, where he discovered objects worshipped which he calls ‘totems. ’ These totems according to him were an important factor in the society; seeing that the objects became a symbol of the group’s identity and unity. These objects he claims are â€Å"collective representation† (Fish, Jonathan S. 2005: 30) as they have reinforced the importance of integration into the community via the worshipped objects. The worshipped object have an emotional significance to them as the â€Å"totems serve as evocative device for reminding individuals of their initial feelings long after the assemblies† (Fish, Jonathan S. 2005:51) therefore evidently it becomes more about the idea and symbolism of the object rather than the object itself that unites all. Thus making the idea of rituals of greater significance as it generally binds people together which for Durkheim is always a positive thing. On the other hand, Durkheim does not offer a real explanation on why some deviate from such society’s e. g. Islamic fundamentalists such as the Taliban. Perhaps his theory generally works on a tribal base rather than bigger societies, where conflicts and divides are more common; in a smaller community less people are likely to go against the status quo. Moreover, to say that religion only plays a positive role is absurd. How can one explain the atrocities that occur on the name of religion for instance? For this reason I find Durkheim’s theory limiting as it does not look at all aspects of religion or religious life but merely draws a quick conclusion to it. Also according to this perspective religion instils the same norms and values for everyone, making it a regulatory function in society. Religion for Marx then becomes a form of social control which provides guidelines through religious texts e. g. 10 commandments. These norms which are shared gives people the opportunity to unite to what may be seen as morally incorrect or sinful. This can be vital in a society as it can allow social stability. Durkheim argument is plausible as there has been a significant rise in New Religious Movements. This evidently shows that people still require religion in their life. Moreover, the recent increase on religious fundamentalists can be a point that strengthens Durkheim argument as it can be evidence for people being threatened by a weakening society. Karl Marx similar to Durkheim starts with the assumption that religion is in fact a product of society. Importantly, however, he disagrees with Durkheim as he does not see religion as beneficial for the whole of society but argues it benefits only the ruling class or what he calls the ‘bourgeoisie’. Religion, according to Marx only transmits bourgeoisie ideologies to convince the working class or ‘proletariats’ that inequality is natural and fair phenomena in the world. Making religion as a whole a â€Å"collective smoke-screen† (Connolly, P. 1999:100) as it distorts reality which gives explanation for inequality as being of religious significance i. e. sin. For Marx this is the core idea behind religion making it a tool for oppression and a form of social control. Religion is claimed to be the â€Å"opium of the people† (Hamilton, Malcolm B 2001:81), making it a drug which is used by people as an illusion to hide or cover up the real causes of suffering, which for Marx is primarily capitalism. Capitalism covers up religion and manages to help the bourgeoisie greatly, as it becomes a â€Å"comforting illusion† (Hamilton, Malcolm B 2001:80) as the proletariats do not question the status quo due to their belief in getting a greater reward in the afterlife. Religion itself is used to justify hierarchy in the world, a verse in a hymn such as the following are used, â€Å"the rich man in his castle, the poor man at his gate, god made them. Highly or lowly, and ordered their state†. This stresses Marx’s point that as it’s believed to be sanctioned by God it is unlikely to be challenged by anyone. The Marxists perspective generally makes many valid arguments which society can relate to even today. The idea of caste system is still relevant in many Hindu traditions (although generally frowned upon). Buddhism has the idea of karma meaning if you are a poor person in this life then it’s to do with your own bad karma in the previous life. Therefore Marxism is correct in this aspect, that religion is used in order to justify inequality. Another key piece of evidence for the Marxists perspective is the fact that the Catholic Church is arguably allowing the spread of aids due to its stance against contraception. As a result of this, there is a continuation of social deprivation especially in Africa which further illustrates that religion is generally used to keep social inequality. Marxism disagrees that religion can bring about social change, this, however can be disputed. This is mainly due to the fact religious leaders have challenged the status quo in order to bring about change in their societies. Two main examples being Father Camillo Torres Restrepo and Martin Luther King whose works brought about a vast amount of change to Colombia and America respectively. Evidently this contrasts to the Marxists view as it shows that religion can in fact bring about social change and consequently allow for equality. Personally, I feel that the Marxists view limits human nature as it assumes they will simply follow rather than stand up to injustice. More importantly sociology in general claims to work in an objective and scientific way but I cannot see how it is possible with Marxists ideas such as on the religion being a drug and comforting as these ideas are impossible to measure. Max Weber is regarded as a social action theorist due to his claim that religion can shape and define society. He argues that religion can indeed bring about social change; he bases his argument on a Christian group named the Calvinists whom according to him brought about a form of western capitalism. This form of â€Å"ascetic Protestantism† (Johnstone, Ronald L. 2004:196) allows for the growth of capitalism because of their belief on disciplined hard work which to them emphasised the Glory of God. This â€Å"spirit of capitalism† (Furseth, Inger and Pal Repstad 2006:36) did not allow for the accumulation of wealth but actually encouraged reinvestment back into the society according to Weber. The so called Protestant ethics approach leads him to believe that this led to social change as society turned to mass producing mechanised industries. Another way the Calvinist were able to bring about social change, was thorough the apprehension people had. Calvinists believed in predestination which led to the belief that having a good business or being successful could have indicated that you were one of God’s chosen people. This gives the perception that people were competing over heaven and failure was not an option for people. However, Weber does not limit the growth of capitalism to the Calvinist alone as he is aware of other factors. Weber’s argument must be treated with a degree of caution. Evidence suggests that Protestant nations were not always capitalistic and vice versa. Also many believe that Catholic countries were already flourishing before the breakaway from Catholicism occurred. The study of Religions deal with many wide and opposing issues some of which have been covered in this essay through the works of Durkheim, Marx and Weber. Although, each sociologist does give a good account of explaining the dynamics within a religious group but with each case a very simplistic and generalised view was given by the sociologist about religion. It is plausible to argue that religion brings people together through rituals but is it not a natural thing for people to unite whilst doing something together? In this view then perhaps anything can be said to have religious significance as long as it brings people together. Additionally, the idea of a greater reward in the afterlife is not the only justification given about inequality. In the greater sense inequality within religion can be about anything from the roles of men and women to dress code. Therefore once again this idea has been limited to it being about capitalism. Religion is said to be able to bring about social change which arguably is a factor but for it to be the only thing is for me far fetched. It is an inherent thing for people to fight when they are being wronged. It is about something within rather than it being about religion.

Reflective Reflection - 748 Words

In the final days of this semester, one tends to look back at the work done over a difficult and long three months. In the case of this English composition class, reflecting on completed essays has allowed me to analyze the development of my writing over the semester. Although this semester consisted of only five essays, it has become apparent to me that my writing has improved in many aspects throughout the semester. One general example of this improvement is the vocabulary, where simple vocabulary in the first essay had become more complex by the final essays. Additionally, I also believe that my writing has become more reflective of my actual voice and opinions, an improvement considering my first essays were best described as vague.†¦show more content†¦Out of the few compositions that we had completed during the semester, it was my argumentative essay that stood out from my point of view. In this essay, I was tasked with presenting the controversial question of whether social media has had a positive or negative impact on society by analyzing the arguments made by both sides of the spectrum. From there, I would take a stance on the question at the end of the introductory paragraph and present my arguments as to why I chose that position. The purpose of this essay was to present an opinion on a controversial topic to my reader and explain and clarify my opinion using evidence I had gathered. In writing this essay, there were areas in which I believe I exceled in. For example, I had brought up clear points as to why social media is credible, such as allowing for open communication and expression of oneself. In addition, I gathered strong evidence from outside sources to bolster my argument. Finally, I believe that my strong outline aided me in writing and organizing this essay. Just as there were strong points in this essay, so too there were weaknesses. One notable weakness that I believe could have been improved on was providing additional content on the counterargument paragraph. In this paragraph, I discussed how Ashley Graham increases self-esteem for others, rather than decrease self-esteem like what has been claimed. I believe that additional evidence from another source could have betterShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice2289 Words   |  10 PagesReflection is considered as a state of mind which is a continuous practice (Fanghanel, 2004, p. 576). It yields confidential and safe ways to demonstrate personal experiences as well as continuously challenging perceptions, illusions and biases that can be damaging to cultures and society. Reflective practice enables the practitioner to learn about themselves and their work, their culture and society in which they live. 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